Shakti Peethas
Shakti Peethas are sacred sites that are presided over by goddesses. These goddesses are considered to be the form of Shakti but many of them are tied to the local folklore or tradition. Each Shakti Pitha has its own unique folklore and regional traditions. There are various texts stating different numbers of Shakti Peethas in the Indian subcontinent, eighteen among them are referred to as the major sites, called Astadasha Maha (major). While some of these Shakti Pitha shrines have been around for centuries or even millennia, others have only recently been built or renovated.
In Hindu legends, Shakti Peethas acquire their origins in the narrative of Daksha's Yagya. The father of Sati, Daksha, is said to have arranged a yagya. However, he did not invite Lord Shiva to the yagya because of his dislike for him. When Sati, Shiva's wife, learned about the yagya, she decided to attend the yagya against the advice of Shiva. When Sati arrived, she had to endure Daksha's insults directed at Shiva. Unable to bear the humiliation, Sati committed suicide by humping into the yagya fire. After the death of Sati, Shiva carried her corpse and roamed around the world in grief. This caused a cosmic imbalance and to restore that, Vishnu cut off the corpse of Sati and to calm Shiva down. Her body parts fell on the earth and became sacred sites, now worshipped as the different form of the Shakti.
Goddess in the Astadasha Maha Shakti Peethas
According to Adi Shankaracharya's Asta Dasha Shakti Peethas Stotram (hymns of praise), the revered sacred sites known as the Astadasha Maha Shakti Peethas, or the eighteen Major Shakti Pithas, are tied to the goddess Sati. These sites are of great spiritual significance in Hinduism and draw pilgrims seeking blessings.
1. Shankari
The Shakti Peetha is located in Trincomalee, Sri Lankan. It is thought to be the location of Goddess Sati's groin. There is little information about the goddess iconography because the original temple was destroyed by Portuguese invaders. However, a popular internet calendar image of the goddess depicts her with eight hands carrying a chakra, stick, mace, beads, sword, bow, and trident, as well as one hand in the Abhay mudra.
4. Chamundeshwari
The Shakti Peeth is located in the Mysuru region of Karnataka, where Sati's hair had fallen. The goddess is a form of Chamunda or Mahishasurmardini, depicted with eight hands carrying a sword, a dagger, a serpent, a trident, a bowl, a bell, a shield, and a damaru.
7. Mahalakshmi
The Shakti Peeth is located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, where Sati's eye had fallen. The presiding goddess is Mahalakshmi, also called Ambabai. She is depicted with four hands holding a citron, mace, shield, and drinking vessel, as well as Linga and Yoni adorning her head.
10. Puruhutika
The Shakti Peeth is located in Pithapuram, Andhra Pradesh. Sati's Back had fallen here. The name of the residing goddess, Puruhutika, means, "The one who is worshipped by Lord Indra". The goddess is shown with four hands carrying a bag of seeds, an axe, a lotus and a bowl.
13. Kamakhya
The Shakti Peeth is located in Guwahati, Assam where Sati's womb had fallen. The shrine is also one of the most revered centres of Tantric traditions. The goddess Kamakhya is regarded as the goddess of desire and a form of the goddess Kubjika or goddess Kali. She is depicted with twelve arms, six heads of varying colours and seated upon a lotus coming out from the navel of Shiva, who in turn lies atop a lion. She carries a lotus, trident, sword, bell, discus, bow, arrows, club, goad, bowl, shield and one hand in Abhaya mudra.
16. Mangalagauri
The Shakti Peeth is located in Gaya, Bihar where Sati's breast had fallen. Mangla Gauri, a form of Parvati, is the governing deity who is worshipped as goddess of benevolence.
2. Kamakshi
The Shakti Peethas is situated in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu. The navel of Sati is believed to have fallen at this location. The presiding goddess Kamakshi is a form of Lalita, popularly portrayed with four arms carrying a goad, a noose, a cane, and a bouquet of flowers. (Read: Mahavidya). Her earlier form represents her as a fierce goddess. She has a black complexion and has four arms, carrying a noose, goad, bowl, and shows the abhaya mudra. She is seated on three severed heads.
5. Jogulamba
The Shakti Peeth is located in Alampuram, Telangana, where Sati's teeth had fallen. The goddess is also known as Yogamba, which means "Mother of Yogis." She is shown naked and seated on a corpse, with a skull, scorpion, bat, owl, and lizard on her head. She has a frightening appearance, with a stretched tongue and sharp protruding canines. She has four hands carrying Akshamala, a sword, an axe, and a drinking vessel.
8. Ekvira
The Shakti Peeth is located in Mahur, Maharashtra, where Sati's left hand had fallen. The presiding goddess Ekvira is a form of Renuka, a goddess who is predominantly worshipped in Maharashtra and the South Indian states. (Read: Regional Goddesses)
11. Biraja
The Shakti Peeth is located in Jajpur, Odisha. Sati's back had fallen here. The goddess who resides in the Shakti Peeth is depicted as Mahishasurmardini. She has two hands and holds a trident in her right hand while lifting the tail of the buffalo demon with her left hand. She has Ganapati, yoni, linga, crescent moon, and the serpent on her head.
14. Madhaveswari
The Shakti Peeth is located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh where Sati's fingers had fallen. Madhaveshvari, a form of Lalita, is the governing goddess. In this temple, there is no deity idol or yantra; instead, a wooden carriage is worshipped as the Goddess's seat.
17. Vishalakshi
The Shakti Peeth is located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, where Sati's noses had fallen. Vishalakshi, which means "one with large eyes," is the ruling goddess. She is depicted standing in tribhanga posture with four hands holding water lilies with Ganesha and Shiva in the upper hands, as well as a rosary and a kamandal in the lower hands.
3. Shrinkala
According to the Stotram, the Shakti Peeth is located in Pradyumna, West Bengal, where Sati's stomach had fallen. There is currently no shrine at the location mentioned; instead, ruins of what was once the temple can be found. The goddess is depicted holding a goad, a noose, and two hands in the Abhaya and Varada mudras.
6. Bhramarambika
The Shakti Peeth is located in Srisailam, Andhra Pradesh, which is also one of the twelve Jyotirlingas temples. Sati's neck had fallen on this site. Bhramaramba, also called Bhramari, is a form of shakti associated with bees and wasps. The goddess residing in the Shakti Peeth is depicted in the form of Mahishasurmardini, with eight hands carrying various attributes and slaying Mahisasura. (Read: Durga)
9. Mahakali
The Shakti Peeth is located in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. Sati's elbow had fallen here. The presiding goddess is Mahakali. (Read: Kali)
12. Manikyamba
The Shakti Peeth is located in Draksharamam, Andhra Pradesh. Sati's left cheek had fallen here. The goddess Manikyamba is depicted with two hands holding a lotus and one hand in Abhaya mudra.
15. Jwalamukhi
The Shakti Peeth is located in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh where Sati's head had fallen. The goddess Jawalamukhi is worshipped in the form of flames that emerge from the rock crevices in the shrine.
18. Sharada
The Shakti Peeth is in Sharda, Kashmir, where Sati's right hand fell. The ruling goddess is Sharada, a form of Saraswati or Parvati. She is the goddess of learning, and it is said that on the ninth day of the seventh month of the year, Ashwin, which falls in Sharada (autumn), she enlightened other deities, earning her the name Sharada. She appears as a fierce goddess with three eyes and six arms. She carries Shakti (weapon), a bow, an arrow, a bell, a pot of gemstones, and a pot of nectar. Her mount is a lion.
Image sources: www.amazon.in, www.inditales.com, www.etsy.com, en.wikipedia.org, www.rudraksha-ratna.com.
Goddesses in
the list of 20 Shakti Peethas
Following is the list of the Goddess worshipped at each location, that are mentioned as Shakti Peethas in Sankara Samhita of Sri Skanda Purana.
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Sankari - Lanka
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Simhika - Simhala
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Manika - Dakshavati
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Shadkala - Peethapuram, Andhra Pradesh
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Bhramaramba - Srisailam
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Vijaya - Vijayapura
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Mahalakshmi - Kolhapuri
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Padmakshi Renuka - Kawadepuri
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Kamakshi - Kanchipuram
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Kuchananda - Salagrama
Goddesses in the list of
52 Shakti Peethas (Devi Purana)
1. Kamakshi - Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu
2. Indrakshi/ Nagapooshani -Jhankad, Odisha
3. Mahishmardini - Naina, Pakistan
4. Sunanda - Sugandha, Bangladesh
5. Mahamaya - Amarnath, India
6. Jwalamukhi (Siddhida) - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
7. Ambaji - Anart, Gujarat
8. Mahashira - Kathmandu, Nepal
9. Dakshayani - Tibet
10. Biraja - Jajpur, Odisha
11. Gandaki Chandi - Mustang district of Nepal
12. Bahula -Ketugram, West Bengal
13. Mangal Chandika - Burdwan, West Bengal
14. Tripura Sundari - Udaipur, Tripura
15. Bhawani - Chittagong, Bangladesh
16. Bhraamari - Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal
17. Kamakhya - Guwahati, Assam
18. Jugaadya - Burdwan, West Bengal
19. Kalika - Kalighat, Kolkata
20. Lalita - Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
21. Jayanti - Bourbhag village, Bangladesh
22. Vimla - Murshidabad, West Bengal
23. Vishalakshi & Manikarni - Kashi, Uttar Pradesh
24. Sarvani - Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
25. Savitri -Kurukshetra, Haryana
26. Gayatri - Ajmer, Rajasthan
27. Mahalakshmi - Sylhet, Bangladesh
28. Devgarbha - Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
29. Kali - Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh
30. Narmada - Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh
31. Shivani - Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh
32. Uma - Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh
33. Narayani - Shuchitirtham, Tamil Nadu
34. Varahi - Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
35. Arpana - Bogra, Bangladesh
36. Shrisundari - Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh
37. Kapalini - Medinipur, West Bengal
38. Chandrabhaga - Junagadh district, Gujarat
39. Avanti - Bhairav hills near Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh
40. Bhramari - Nasik, Maharasthra
41. Rakini or Vishweshwari - Rajamundry, Andhra Pradesh
42. Ambika - Bharatpur, Rajasthan
43. Kumari - Hooghly district, West Benga
44. Uma - Darbhanga, Bihar
45. Kalika - Nalhati, West Bengal
46. Jayadurga - the place is not known
47. Mahishmardini - Birbhum, West Bengal
48. Jashoreshwari - Shyamnagar, Bangladesh
49. Phullara - Labhpur, West Bengal
50. Nandini - Sainthia, West Bengal
51. Kottari/ Hinglaj - Lasbela district of Balochistan, Pakistan
52. Danteshwari - Dantewada, Chhattisgarh
108 Shakti Peethas in Devi Bhagavad Purana
In Devi Bhagwat, there are references to 108 Shakti Peethas. In contrast to other lists, the goddesses are listed with their seats instead of the location of the shrines. Following is the list composed by Veda Vayas:
(Source: 108 Shaktipeeth according to Goddess Bhagwat. Mission Kuldevi)
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Varanasi – Vishalakshi
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Naimisharanya – Lingadharini
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Prayag – Lalita
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Gandhamadana - Kamuki
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Dakshinmanas – Kumuda
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Uttarmanas – Vishwakama
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Gomant – Gomti
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Mandar - Kamcharini
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Chaitrarath – Madotkata
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Hastinapur – Jayanti
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Kanyakubj – Gauri
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Malay - Rambha
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Ekagra - Kirtimati
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Vishwa – Visveshwari
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Pushkar – Puruhuta
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Kedar - Sanmargadayin
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Himavatprshth – Manda
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Gokarna – Bhadrakarnik
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Sthaneshwar – Bhavani
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Bilvak – Bilvapatrika
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Srilash – Madhavi
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Bhadreshwar – Bhadr
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Varahshail – Jaya
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Kamalaya - Kamala
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Rudrakoti - Rudrani
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Kaarlajar – Kali
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Shalagram – Mahadevi
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Shivling - Jalapriya
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Mahalinga – Kapila
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Makot – Mukuteshwari
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Mayapuri – Kumari
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Santāna – Lalitambika
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Gaya – Mangala
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Purushottam – Vimla
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Sahastraksha - Utpalakshi
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Hiranyaksha - Mahotpala
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Vipasha – Amoghaakshi
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Pundravardhan – Patla
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Suparshva – Narayani
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Trikatu – Rudrasundari
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Vipul - Vipula
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Malayachal – Kalyani
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Sahyadri – Ekvira
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Harishchandra - Chandrika
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Ramteerth – Ramani
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Yamuna – Mrigavati
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Kotitirtha – Kotvi
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Madhuvan – Sugandha
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Godavari – Trisandhya
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Gangadwar – Ratipriya
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Shivkund – Shubhananda
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Devikatat – Nandini
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Dvaravati – Rukmani
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Vrindavan – Radha
55. Mathura – Devaki
56. Paataal – Parameshvari
57. Chitrakut – Sita
58. Vindhya – Vindhyavasini
59. Karveer – Mahalakshmi
60. Vinayak – Umadevi
61. Vaidyanath – Arogyaa
62. Mahakal – Maheshwari
63. Ushnatirth – Abhaya
64. Vindhya Parvat – Nitamba
65. Mandavya – Mandavi
66. Maheshwaripur – Swaha
67. Chagland - Prachanda
68. Amarkantak – Chandika
69. Someshwar – Vararoha
70. Prabhas – Pushkaravati
71. Saraswati – Devamata
72. Taat – Parawara
73. Mahalaya – Mahabhaga
74. Payoshni – Pingleshwari
75. Tshauch - Sinhika
76. Karthik – Atishankari
77. Utpalaavartak (Catalyst) – Leela (Iron)
78. Shonasangam – Subhadra
79. Siddhavan – Lakshmi
80. Bharatashram – Ananga
81. Jalandhar – Visvamukhi
82. Kishkindha Parvat – Tara
83. Devdaruvan – Pushti
84. Kashmir Mandal – Medha
85. Himadri – Bhimadevi
86. Visvesvara – Tushti
87. Shankhodwar - Dhara
88. Pindaraka – Dhriti
89. Chandrabhaga – Kala
90. Achhod – Shivdharini
91. Veena – Amrita
92. Badri – Urvashi
93. Uttarkuru – Oshadhi
94. Kushdweep – Kushodka
95. Hemkoot – Manmatha
96. Kumud – Satyavadini
97. Ashwattha - Vandaniya
98. Kuberalaya - Nidhi
99. Vedvadan – Gayatri
100. Shivsannidhi – Parvati
101. Devlok – Indrani
102. Brahmamukh – Saraswati
103. Suryabimb (Sun Ray) - Prabha (Light)
104. Maatrmadhy – Vaishnavi
105. Satimadhya – Arundhati
106. Shtrimadhya – Tilottama
107. Chitramadhya – Brahmakala
108. Sharwa Prani Warga (All beings) - Shakti