Kiratism
Kirat Mundum, often known as Kiratism, is a shamanic folk religion practiced by the Kirati ethnic groups of Nepal, Sikkim, and the northern part of West Bengal. They follow several practices and traditions that existed before the Vedic period in the ancient Indian subcontinent, most of which are tied to Mother Nature, ancestors, and various natural forces. The worship of the main pillar of the house within the Kirati communities is another noticeable tradition. Kiratis are classified into four ethnic groups: Rai, Limbu, Sunuwar, and Yakkha, they have slightly distinct religious scriptures.
The Kirant people are shamans, and they honor Mother Nature in their rituals. Sakela Puja, often referred to as Bhumi Puja, is offered to Mother Nature or Mother Earth in the tradition. Kirants also worship Mother Nature during the Ubhauli season to ensure abundant crops and provide protection from natural disasters. Similar to this, Kirants greet Mother Nature for the bountiful harvests during Udhauli, the harvesting season.
Yuma Sammang
Mother Nature
Sumnima
The supreme goddess and personification of Mother Earth in the Rai community, an ethnolinguistic group, is Sumnima. She is worshipped with Paruhang, a male god associated with the Sky. They are also considered the primal ancestral deity of the Rai community.
The Limbus, a Tibeto-Burman ethnolinguistic group, differs from the other Kiratas in that they do not worship Sumnima. Yuma Sammang, also known as Ningwaphuma, is worshiped as "Mother Earth" or "Grandmother" by the Limbus, together with Theba Sammang, a masculine deity in earthy form. Yumaism is a term used to refer to the practice.